The Kings of Ancient Egypt

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A i a w b p f m n r h H x X z s S o k g t T d D
A i a w b p f m n r h H x X z s S o k g t T d D

Late Pre-dynastic Period c. 3000

Name (s)	Serekh/Hieroglyphics	Date	Major Achievements/Events
Unidentified King A		????????????
Unidentified King B		???????????
Ka		?????????????
Scorpion King		??????????	No relation to that horrible movie! :-)
Zekhen
Na'rmer (Sometimes listed as part of Dynasty 1)		??????????	Narmer Palate Front Back Narmer is the last ruler of what is now being called "Dynasty 0" and he was also acknowledged by later first dynasty Kings as the first King of their 'dynasty'.

Early Dynastic Period (2920-2575)

1st Dynasty (2920-2770):

In 1986 the German expedition re-excavating Umm el Qa'ab and the cemeteries B and U at Abydos, found an important seal impression with the Horus names of Narmer, Aha, Djer, Djet, Den and the king's mother Merneith;

some years later a new example, again with the kings' names and the necropolis god Khentyamentiw was found containing all the names up to Qa'a the last Thinite king of the Ist Dynasty (but now Merneith's was excluded).

Name (s)	Serekh/Hieroglyphics	Date	Major Achievements/Events
Na'rmer (Sometimes listed as pre-dynastic)		??????????	Narmer Palate Front Back Narmer is the last ruler of what is now being called "Dynasty 0" and he was also acknowledged by later first dynasty Kings as the first King of their 'dynasty'.
'Aha		??????????
Djer		??????????
Djet (Wadj)		??????????
Den		??????????
'Adjib (Anedjib)		??????????
Semerkhet		??????????
Qa'a		??????????

2nd Dynasty (2770-2649):

Name (s)	Serekh	Date	Major Achievements/Events
Hetepsekhemwy
Re'neb
Ninetjer
Peribsen
Kha'sekhem(wy)

3rd Dynasty (2649-2575):

Name (s)	Serekh	Date	Major Achievements/Events
Zanakht (=Nebka)		2649-2630
Djoser (Netjerykhet)		2630-2611
Sekhemkhet		2611-2603
Kha'ba		2603-2599
Huni(?)		2599-2575

Old Kingdom (2575-2134)

4th-8th Dynasties

4th Dynasty (2575-2465):

Name (s)	Cartouche	Date	Major Achievements/Events
Snofru Snefru		2575-2551

Middle Kingdom (2040-1640)

11th Dynasty, 2nd half:

Reigned over all Egypt, capital in XXX

Name (s)	Cartouche (s)	Date	Major Achievements/Events
Mentuhotep II (Nebhepetre')		2061-2010	Reunited Egypt after first intermediate period. Had expiditions against Sinai, Nubia, and Libya. Brought Nubia back under Egyptian rule. More trading and mining.
Mentuhotep III (S'ankhkare')		2010-1998	Henenu’s expedition to Punt. Continued his father's construction programs
Mentuhotep IV (Nebtawyre')		1998-1991	reigned only 7 years. The last king of the 11th Dynasty. Known mainly from quarry expedition to Wadi Hammamat.

12th Dynasty (1991-1783)

Capital in Lisht

Name (s)	Cartouche (s)	Date	Major Achievements/Events
Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre')		1991-1962	The Vizier who became king for unknown reasons. He founded the 12^th dynasty. The prophecy of Neferty legitimized his reign. He moved the capitol to Lisht, and was assassinated. Relations with Byblos and Aegean. Lots of literature, cult of Amun, coreigns w/ son.
??????
Senwosret I (Kheperkare')		1971-1926	Campaigns against Libyans, prolific builder, expands Nubian frontier to Buhen. Trading in Sudan.
Amenemhet II (Nubkaure')		1929-1892	Peaceful reign, Syrian contact heavy.
Senwosret II (Kha'kheperre')		1897-1878	land reclamation in Faiyum. Aegean, Syrian, and Nubian contact.
Senwosret III (Kha'kaure') (Sesostris by the Greeks)		1878-1841	Earliest astronomical date in Egypt. Campaigns in Palestine, reconquers Nubia, exceptional statues. Also exceptional jewelry found in burials of royal ladies and private individuals.
Amenemhet III (Nima'atre')		1844-1797	Peak of prosperity and peace. Construction in the Sinai. Also heavy mining and irrigation, The god Sobek gained importance.
Amenemhet IV (Ma'akherure')		1799-1787	short reign, end of prosperity
Queen Nefrusobek (Sometimes called Sobekneferu)		1787-1783	Sister of Amenemhet IV, ended era of prosperity.